China Insight
From Baby Benefits to Bonus Points: Chinese Measures to Boost Birthrates
Despite a range of measures to encourage childbirth, a definitive solution to combat China’s declining birth rates remains elusive.
An initiative by a local educational institute in Sichuan to introduce a spring break holiday to let students “experience the beauty of love” generated online discussions recently.
The school in question is the Sichuan Southwest Vocational College of Civic Aviation (四川西南航空职业学院) by the Panmerit Group (泛美集团), and they announced a spring break holiday for the April 1-7 period, which includes the Qingming Festival.
Although the school itself stated that the measure is in line with China’s plans to optimize domestic tourism and leisure, many netizens took the initiative as another way to encourage young people to marry and settle down.
“Does the pressure to marry and have kids start at university now?” some wondered: “Why don’t we skip college and get married right after high school?”, others wrote.
At a time when numerous initiatives are being introduced to encourage Chinese young people and couples to tie the knot and start a family, topics such as these are gaining significant online attention recently.
Textbook changes: same couple goes from one child to two children with a third one on the way (via Weibo).
Another example is the much-discussed topic of an adjusted textbook cover. While the textbook initially showed a couple and their only child, a newer version showed them with two children and a third one on the way to give the ‘right example’ to China’s younger generations.
“Achieving Zero Population Growth in 2022”
For years, Chinese experts, officials, and local authorities have explored new initiatives and measures to encourage Chinese couples to get married and have children. The country’s low birth rates and rapidly aging society are a cause for concern, especially because the end of the one-child policy and introduction of the so-called three-child policy (三孩政策) and further relaxation of family planning policies did not help to combat the declining birth rates.
While China’s dropping birth rates are an ongoing hot topic of discussion, the front page of of a Qilu Evening News newspaper dated April 2, 2003, has garnered online buzz recently for its headline about “achieving zero population growth in 2022.”
A newspaper frontpage dating April 2, 2003, has been shared a lot on Chinese social media for its headline about “achieving zero population growth in 2022.”
“We’ve achieved it,” one commenter wrote, with others saying: “They did keep their promise” and “they even achieved negative population growth.”
The annual statistics that were published three years ago, in January 2020, showed that China’s birth rate in 2019 had fallen to its lowest since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In that year, the birth rate was 10.48 per thousand, and 14.65 million babies were born in mainland China. The data from later years showed that just 12 million babies were born in 2020 (8.5 births per thousand) and that only 10.6 million babies were born in 2021 – a rate of 7.52 births per thousand. The latest number, published in January 2023, is another record low: the total Chinese mainland population was 1.4118 billion by late 2022. Last year, 9.56 million people were born, while 10.41 million people died. The population in 2022 fell by 850,000 from 2021.
There are many different reasons why China’s birth rates keep dropping, such as the unbalanced male-female ratio (link) and statistical challenges to find a partner; the higher cost of living and competitive job market making it harder for young couples to start a family or have more than one child; the changing role of women and their increased focus on education, career and self-fulfillment (more here); or the profound cultural impact of the one-child policy, which has also led to a preference for having only one child even after the policy was lifted (read more here).
Birthrate Boosting Initiatives
To encourage young people to marry and have more children, various initiatives have been suggested or implemented over the past few years that go beyond a further relaxation of family planning policies.
Here a few examples of initiatives, ideas, and measures that have recently attracted attention in Chinese media and on social media:
◼︎ Seventeen government departments across China announced policies in August 2022 to encourage families to raise more than one child and create a “fertility-friendly society.” These measures include the promotion of prenatal and postnatal care, prolonged maternity leave, increased maternity allowances, and support for home purchases.
◼︎ Sichuan Province announced in January of 2023 that it would allow all people to register births, regardless of their marital status, starting from February 15, 2023. Sichuan previously only allowed married couples to register the births of up to two children. When parents are not legally married, it is usually not easy for a child in mainland China to get their household registration (hukou) and the educational, health and housing benefits associated with it, unless the parents pay a fine.
◼︎ In January of 2023, a Chinese demographer and other authors suggested in China’s Education and Population Report (中国教育和人口报告) that shortening the duration of education by two years – including an elimination of the middle school entrance exam – might help boost birth rates because young people would start their post-graduate life at an earlier age (and settle down sooner), and it would alleviate financial costs on parents paying for their children’s education.
◼︎ In February of 2023, China’s National Healthcare Security Administration announced that it would extend its coverage to help couples shoulder the costs for assisted fertility treatment and that TCM approaches to treating infertility will be promoted nationwide.
◼︎ Zezhou County, a county in the southeast of Shanxi province, introduced several measures recently to boost birth rates. One proposed measure was that families of two children or more would receive benefits in education; their second or third child would get ten additional points in their senior high school exams (zhongkao 中考). After triggering controversy, the measure was quietly removed.
◼︎ Zezhou will still offer other benefits for families with two or three children, including ‘baby benefits’ for the second or third child such as a ‘birth subsidy’ (生育补贴) and ‘milkpowder subsidy’ (奶粉补助) of 5000 yuan ($730) and 6000 yuan ($875) respectively, 218 days maternity leave, and free after-school care services.
◼︎ Shenzhen also announced that parents having a third child or more will be eligible for a cash allowance of 19,000 yuan ($2,800) until the child turns three years old.
◼︎ Significantly increasing personal tax deductions for families with two or three children was recently proposed by a representative of the National People’s Congress during the Two Sessions.
◼︎ Also during the Two Sessions this year, one member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) suggested a number of measures including an increase in the number of kindergartens; childcare subsidies (育儿补贴) for families raising children under the age of 5; a one-time financial ‘birth incentive’ (一次性生育奖励) for couples having their second or child child; educational subsidies (教育补贴) for families for their second or third child, along with more educational subsidies up to university level for the third child.
◼︎ Another CPPCC member suggested that young people should not work more than eight hours per day so they will still have time to “fall in love, get married and have children.”
◼︎ Guixi, a city in China’s Jiangxi province, launched its own matchmaking app (掌上贵溪) in March of 2023 to help residents find love and organize blind dates.
◼︎ Around the same time, Jiangxi Provincial authorities also strongly advocated against the practice of high bride prices. A bride price is an amount of money or goods paid by the groom’s family to the bride’s family upon marriage. Since China’s gender imbalance has made it more difficult for men to find a bride, the ‘bridewealth’ prices have gone up drastically. This holds especially true for the poorer, rural areas in China (read more here).
Social Media Responses
Looking at the social media responses to the many discussions on measures to encourage childbirth, there are roughly three kinds of perspectives.
There are those who reflect on China’s recent past and express anger about Chinese family planning policies changing so drastically while many families and mothers are still grappling with the effects of the one child policy, which have left them with painful memories and lasting scars. Many focus on the present, discussing the initiatives at hand and the practical issues that might prevent people from having (more) children. And then there are those who concentrate on what lies ahead, prioritizing personal happiness over state goals of boosting fertility rates and foreseeing a future with birthrates that will continue to decline.
In online discussions on this topic on Weibo, many netizens argue that the proposed measures are not effective enough to convince people to have a (second, third) child.
“The cost of housing needs to be lowered,” some popular comments said, suggesting that the surge in property prices is one major factor preventing couples from starting a family.
“Education, health care, and housing are the three big mountains you need to address first,” another commenter wrote.
Other people also raise the issue of long working hours and the ‘996’ work culture, as well as the aging society and the burden on younger people to take care of the elderly.
Then there are many discussions about the position of women in the workplace. Workplace pregnancy and maternity discrimination is a deep-rooted problem, and many fear that this will only get worse in light of the various measures introduced across the country promoting longer maternity leaves and more benefits for pregnant women and young mothers (read more).
“There are so many measures to encourage childbirth nowadays but there is no practical support and it only creates more worries for companies wanting to hire female workers of childbearing age,” one female commenter wrote.
Many netizens are not just expressing frustration about measures meant to encourage childbirth, they also have little confidence that the measures will eventually be effective.
One person who wrote they are part of a ‘DINK’ (Dual Income, No Kids) household, said they are not planning to have children at all: “In the end it is all about the wish to have children. If people do not have the wish to have babies, they will not have children. And you really can’t force us to have kids.”
By Manya Koetse
Get the story behind the hashtag. Subscribe to What’s on Weibo here to receive our newsletter and get access to our latest articles:
Featured image by author, What’s on Weibo
Spotted a mistake or want to add something? Please let us know in comments below or email us. First-time commenters, please be patient – we will have to manually approve your comment before it appears.
©2023 Whatsonweibo. All rights reserved. Do not reproduce our content without permission – you can contact us at info@whatsonweibo.com.
China Insight
The Tragic Story of “Fat Cat”: How a Chinese Gamer’s Suicide Went Viral
The story of ‘Fat Cat’ has become a hot topic in China, sparking widespread sympathy and discussions online.
The story of a 21-year-old Chinese gamer from Hunan who committed suicide has gone completely viral on Weibo and beyond this week, generating many discussions.
In late April of this year, the young man nicknamed ‘Fat Cat’ (胖猫 Pàng Māo, literally fat or chubby cat), tragically ended his life by jumping into the river near the Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge (重庆长江大桥) following a breakup with his girlfriend. By now, the incident has come to be known as the “Fat Cat Jumping Into the River Incident” (胖猫跳江事件).
News of his suicide soon made its rounds on the internet, and some bloggers started looking into what was behind the story. The man’s sister also spoke out through online channels, and numerous chat records between the young man and his girlfriend emerged online.
One aspect of his story that gained traction in early May is the revelation that the man had invested all his resources into the relationship. Allegedly, he made significant financial sacrifices, giving his girlfriend over 510,000 RMB (approximately 71,000 USD) throughout their relationship, in a time frame of two years.
When his girlfriend ended the relationship, despite all of his efforts, he was devastated and took his own life.
The story was picked up by various Chinese media outlets, and prominent social and political commentator Hu Xijin also wrote a post about Fat Cat, stating the sad story had made him tear up.
As the news spread, it sparked a multitude of hashtags on Weibo, with thousands of netizens pouring out their thoughts and emotions in response to the story.
Playing Games for Love
The main part of this story that is triggering online discussions is how ‘Fat Cat,’ a young man who possessed virtually nothing, managed to provide his girlfriend, who was six years older, with such a significant amount of money – and why he was willing to sacrifice so much in order to do so.
The young man reportedly was able to make money by playing video games, specifically by being a so-called ‘booster’ by playing with others and helping them get to a higher level in multiplayer online battle games.
According to his sister, he started working as a ‘professional’ video gamer as a means of generating money to satisfy his girlfriend, who allegedly always demanded more.
He registered a total of 36 accounts to receive orders to play online games, making 20 yuan per game (about $2.80). Because this consumed all of his time, he barely went out anymore and his social life was dead.
In order to save more money, he tried to keep his own expenses as low as possible, and would only get takeout food for himself for no more than 10 yuan ($1,4). His online avatar was an image of a cat saying “I don’t want to eat vegetables, I want to eat McDonald’s.”
The woman in question who he made so many sacrifices for is named Tan Zhu (谭竹), and she soon became the topic of public scrutiny. In one screenshot of a chat conversation between Tan and her boyfriend that leaked online, she claimed she needed money for various things. The two had agreed to get married later in this year.
Despite of this, she still broke up with him, driving him to jump off the bridge after transferring his remaining 66,000 RMB (9135 USD) to Tan Zhu.
As the story fermented online, Tan Zhu also shared her side of the story. She claimed that she had met ‘Fat Cat’ over two years ago through online gaming and had started a long distance relationship with him. They had actually only met up twice before he moved to Chongqing. She emphasized that financial gain was never a motivating factor in their relationship.
Tan additionally asserted that she had previously repaid 130,000 RMB (18,000 USD) to him and that they had reached a settlement agreement shortly before his tragic death.
Ordering Take-Out to Mourn Fat Cat
– “I hope you rest in peace.”
– “Little fat cat, I hope you’ll be less foolish in your next life.”
– “In your next life, love yourself first.”
These are just a few of the messages left by netizens on notes attached to takeout food deliveries near the Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge.
AI-generated image spread on Chinese social media in connection to the event.
As Fat Cat’s story stirred up significant online discussion, with many expressing sympathy for the young man who rarely indulged in spending on food and drinks, some internet users took the step of ordering McDonalds and other food delivery services to the bridge, where he tragically jumped from, in his honor.
This soon snowballed into more people ordering food and drinks to the bridge, resulting in a constant flow of delivery staff and a pile-up of take-out bags.
Delivery food on the bridge, photo via Weibo.
However, as the food delivery efforts picked up pace, it came to light that some of the deliveries ordered and paid for were either empty or contained something different; certain restaurants, aware of the collective effort to honor the young man, deliberately left the food boxes empty or substituted sodas or tea with tap water.
At least five restaurants were caught not delivering the actual orders. Chinese bubble tea shop ChaPanda was exposed for substituting water for milk tea in their cups. On May 3rd, ChaPanda responded that they had fired the responsible employee.
Another store, the Zhu Xiaoxiao Luosifen (朱小小螺蛳粉), responded on that they had temporarily closed the shop in question to deal with the issue. Chinese fast food chain NewYobo (牛约堡) also acknowledged that at least twenty orders they received were incomplete.
Fast food company Wallace (华莱士) responded to the controversy by stating they had dismissed the employees involved. Mixue Ice Cream & Tea (蜜雪冰城) issued an apology and temporarily closed one of their stores implicated in delivering empty orders.
In the midst of all the controversy, Fat Cat’s sister asked internet users to refrain from ordering take-out food as a means of mourning and honoring her brother.
Nevertheless, take-out food and flowers continued to accumulate near the bridge, prompting local authorities to think of ways of how to deal with this unique method of honoring the deceased gamer.
Gamer Boy Meets Girl
On Chinese social media, this story has also become a topic of debate in the context of gender dynamics and social inequality.
There are some male bloggers who are angry with Tan Zhu, suggesting her behaviour is an example of everything that’s supposedly “wrong” with Chinese women in this day and age.
Others place blame on Fat Cat for believing that he could buy love and maintain a relationship through financial means. This irked some feminist bloggers, who see it as a chauvinistic attitude towards women.
A main, recurring idea in these discussions is that young Chinese men such as Fat Cat, who are at the low end of the social ladder, are actually particularly vulnerable in a fiercely competitive society. Here, a gender imbalance and surplus of unmarried men make it easier for women to potentially exploit those desperate for companionship.
The story of Fat Cat brings back memories of ‘Mo Cha Official,’ a not-so-famous blogger who gained posthumous fame in 2021 when details of his unhappy life surfaced online.
Likewise, the tragic tale of WePhone founder Su Xiangmao (苏享茂) resurfaces. In 2017, the 37-year-old IT entrepreneur from Beijing took his own life, leaving behind a note alleging blackmail by his 29-year-old ex-wife, who demanded 10 million RMB (±1.5 million USD) (read story).
Another aspect of this viral story that is mentioned by netizens is how it gained so much attention during the Chinese May holidays, coinciding with the tragic news of the southern China highway collapse in Guangdong. That major incident resulted in the deaths of at least 48 people, and triggered questions over road safety and flawed construction designs. Some speculate that the prominence given to the Fat Cat story on trending topic lists may have been a deliberate attempt to divert attention away from this incident.
‘Fat Cat’ was cremated. His family stated their intention to take necessary legal steps to recover the money from his former girlfriend, but Tan Zhu reportedly already reached an agreement with the father and settled the case. Nevertheless, the case continues to generate discussions online, with some people wondering: “Is it over yet? Can we talk about something different now?”
Fat Cat images projected in Times Square
However, given that images of the ‘Fat Cat’ avatar have even appeared in Times Square in New York by now (Chinese internet users projected it on one of the big LED screens), it’s likely that this story will be remembered and talked about for some time to come.
UPDATE MAY 25
On May 20, local authorities issued a lengthy report to clarify the timeline of events and details surrounding the death of “Fat Cat,” which had attracted significant attention across China.
The report concluded that there was no fraud involved and that “Fat Cat” and his girlfriend were in a genuine relationship. Tan did not deceive “Fat Cat” for money; the transfers were voluntary. Furthermore, Tan returned most of the money to his parents.
The gamer’s sister is reportedly still being investigated for potentially infringing on Tan’s privacy by disclosing numerous private details to the public.
In the end, one thing is clear in this gamer’s tragic story, which is that there are no winners.
By Manya Koetse
– With contributions by Miranda Barnes and Ruixin Zhang
Independently reporting China trends for over a decade. Like what we do? Support us and get the story behind the hashtag by subscribing:
Spotted a mistake or want to add something? Please let us know in comments below or email us. First-time commenters, please be patient – we will have to manually approve your comment before it appears.
©2024 Whatsonweibo. All rights reserved. Do not reproduce our content without permission – you can contact us at info@whatsonweibo.com.
China Brands, Marketing & Consumers
A Brew of Controversy: Lu Xun and LELECHA’s ‘Smoky’ Oolong Tea
Chinese tea brand LELECHA faced backlash for using the iconic literary figure Lu Xun to promote their “Smoky Oolong” milk tea, sparking controversy over the exploitation of his legacy.
It seemed like such a good idea. For this year’s World Book Day, Chinese tea brand LELECHA (乐乐茶) put a spotlight on Lu Xun (鲁迅, 1881-1936), one of the most celebrated Chinese authors the 20th century and turned him into the the ‘brand ambassador’ of their special new “Smoky Oolong” (烟腔乌龙) milk tea.
LELECHA is a Chinese chain specializing in new-style tea beverages, including bubble tea and fruit tea. It debuted in Shanghai in 2016, and since then, it has expanded rapidly, opening dozens of new stores not only in Shanghai but also in other major cities across China.
Starting on April 23, not only did the LELECHA ‘Smoky Oolong” paper cups feature Lu Xun’s portrait, but also other promotional materials by LELECHA, such as menus and paper bags, accompanied by the slogan: “Old Smoky Oolong, New Youth” (“老烟腔，新青年”). The marketing campaign was a joint collaboration between LELECHA and publishing house Yilin Press.
Lu Xun featured on LELECHA products, image via Netease.
The slogan “Old Smoky Oolong, New Youth” is a play on the Chinese magazine ‘New Youth’ or ‘La Jeunesse’ (新青年), the influential literary magazine in which Lu’s famous short story, “Diary of a Madman,” was published in 1918.
The design of the tea featuring Lu Xun’s image, its colors, and painting style also pay homage to the era in which Lu Xun rose to prominence.
Lu Xun (pen name of Zhou Shuren) was a leading figure within China’s May Fourth Movement. The May Fourth Movement (1915-24) is also referred to as the Chinese Enlightenment or the Chinese Renaissance. It was the cultural revolution brought about by the political demonstrations on the fourth of May 1919 when citizens and students in Beijing paraded the streets to protest decisions made at the post-World War I Versailles Conference and called for the destruction of traditional culture[1].
In this historical context, Lu Xun emerged as a significant cultural figure, renowned for his critical and enlightened perspectives on Chinese society.
To this day, Lu Xun remains a highly respected figure. In the post-Mao era, some critics felt that Lu Xun was actually revered a bit too much, and called for efforts to ‘demystify’ him. In 1979, for example, writer Mao Dun called for a halt to the movement to turn Lu Xun into “a god-like figure”[2].
Perhaps LELECHA’s marketing team figured they could not go wrong by creating a milk tea product around China’s beloved Lu Xun. But for various reasons, the marketing campaign backfired, landing LELECHA in hot water. The topic went trending on Chinese social media, where many criticized the tea company.
Commodification of ‘Marxist’ Lu Xun
The first issue with LELECHA’s Lu Xun campaign is a legal one. It seems the tea chain used Lu Xun’s portrait without permission. Zhou Lingfei, Lu Xun’s great-grandson and president of the Lu Xun Cultural Foundation, quickly demanded an end to the unauthorized use of Lu Xun’s image on tea cups and other merchandise. He even hired a law firm to take legal action against the campaign.
Others noted that the image of Lu Xun that was used by LELECHA resembled a famous painting of Lu Xun by Yang Zhiguang (杨之光), potentially also infringing on Yang’s copyright.
But there are more reasons why people online are upset about the Lu Xun x LELECHA marketing campaign. One is how the use of the word “smoky” is seen as disrespectful towards Lu Xun. Lu Xun was known for his heavy smoking, which ultimately contributed to his early death.
It’s also ironic that Lu Xun, widely seen as a Marxist, is being used as a ‘brand ambassador’ for a commercial tea brand. This exploits Lu Xun’s image for profit, turning his legacy into a commodity with the ‘smoky oolong’ tea and related merchandise.
“Such blatant commercialization of Lu Xun, is there no bottom limit anymore?”, one Weibo user wrote. Another person commented: “If Lu Xun were still alive and knew he had become a tool for capitalists to make money, he’d probably scold you in an article. ”
On April 29, LELECHA finally issued an apology to Lu Xun’s relatives and the Lu Xun Cultural Foundation for neglecting the legal aspects of their marketing campaign. They claimed it was meant to promote reading among China’s youth. All Lu Xun materials have now been removed from LELECHA’s stores.
Statement by LELECHA.
On Chinese social media, where the hot tea became a hot potato, opinions on the issue are divided. While many netizens think it is unacceptable to infringe on Lu Xun’s portrait rights like that, there are others who appreciate the merchandise.
The LELECHA controversy is similar to another issue that went trending in late 2023, when the well-known Chinese tea chain HeyTea (喜茶) collaborated with the Jingdezhen Ceramics Museum to release a special ‘Buddha’s Happiness’ (佛喜) latte tea series adorned with Buddha images on the cups, along with other merchandise such as stickers and magnets. The series featured three customized “Buddha’s Happiness” cups modeled on the “Speechless Bodhisattva” (无语菩萨), which soon became popular among netizens.
The HeyTea Buddha latte series, including merchandise, was pulled from shelves just three days after its launch.
However, the ‘Buddha’s Happiness’ success came to an abrupt halt when the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau of Shenzhen intervened, citing regulations that prohibit commercial promotion of religion. HeyTea wasted no time challenging the objections made by the Bureau and promptly removed the tea series and all related merchandise from its stores, just three days after its initial launch.
Following the Happy Buddha and Lu Xun milk tea controversies, Chinese tea brands are bound to be more careful in the future when it comes to their collaborative marketing campaigns and whether or not they’re crossing any boundaries.
Some people couldn’t care less if they don’t launch another campaign at all. One Weibo user wrote: “Every day there’s a new collaboration here, another one there, but I’d just prefer a simple cup of tea.”
By Manya Koetse
[1]Schoppa, Keith. 2000. The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History. New York: Columbia UP, 159.
[2]Zhong, Xueping. 2010. “Who Is Afraid Of Lu Xun? The Politics Of ‘Debates About Lu Xun’ (鲁迅论争lu Xun Lun Zheng) And The Question Of His Legacy In Post-Revolution China.” In Culture and Social Transformations in Reform Era China, 257–284, 262.
Independently reporting China trends for over a decade. Like what we do? Support us and get the story behind the hashtag by subscribing:
Spotted a mistake or want to add something? Please let us know in comments below or email us. First-time commenters, please be patient – we will have to manually approve your comment before it appears.
©2024 Whatsonweibo. All rights reserved. Do not reproduce our content without permission – you can contact us at info@whatsonweibo.com.
Weibo Watch: The Future is Here
“Bye Bye Biden”: Biden’s Many Nicknames in Chinese
Enjoying the ‘Sea’ in Beijing’s Ditan Park
A Triumph for “Comrade Trump”: Chinese Social Media Reactions to Trump Rally Shooting
Weibo Watch: Get Up, Stand Up
The Tragic Story of “Fat Cat”: How a Chinese Gamer’s Suicide Went Viral
“Old Bull Eating Young Grass”: 86-Year-Old Chinese Painter Fan Zeng Marries 36-Year-Old Xu Meng
A Brew of Controversy: Lu Xun and LELECHA’s ‘Smoky’ Oolong Tea
Singing Competition or Patriotic Fight? Hunan TV’s ‘Singer 2024’ Stirs Nationalistic Sentiments
Zara Dress Goes Viral in China for Resemblance to Haidilao Apron
Weibo Watch: The Battle for the Bottom Bed
About the “AI Chatbot Based on Xi Jinping” Story
China’s Intensified Social Media Propaganda: “Taiwan Must Return to Motherland”
Weibo Watch: Telling China’s Stories Wrong
Saying Goodbye to “Uncle Wang”: Wang Wenbin Becomes Chinese Ambassador to Cambodia
-
China Insight3 months agoThe Tragic Story of “Fat Cat”: How a Chinese Gamer’s Suicide Went Viral
-
China Music4 months agoThe Chinese Viral TikTok Song Explained (No, It’s Not About Samsung)
-
China Digital10 months agoToo Sexy for Weibo? Online Discussions on the Concept of ‘Cābiān’
-
China Arts & Entertainment12 months agoBehind 8 Billion Streams: Who is Dao Lang Cursing in the Chinese Hit Song ‘Luocha Kingdom’?